Topology optimization in concrete construction: a systematic review on numerical and experimental investigations

Abstract Structural optimization within concrete construction has been increasingly taken up in research the last two decades. Possible drivers are need for material-reduced and thus resource-efficient structures as well recent advancements automated construction. However, structural is characterized by nonlinear material behavior. Consequently, merge of design topology not trivial. This paper reviews assesses topic construction, carrying out an extensive quantitative qualitative review on practical numerical applications. The following areas identified: Multimaterial modeling, stress constraints, damage strut tie combined truss-continuum optimization, consideration multiple load cases, a focus techniques alternative approaches. Although number papers dealing with numerous, there only few that actually realized optimized structures. In addition, little experiments was performed objective evaluation found geometries so far. Concluding this review, list future challenges, like incorporation sustainability measurements process, given serves guidance subsequent research.